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I UNITED -s rA rEs Ho Drawing. Original To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, Lu's'rnn KIRBQHBRAUN, a citizen of' the United-States, "residing in the'city of Chicago, county of. Cook, and

Reissued Apr; 20, 1926.

. r'iasrnai l I Re. 16,328 PATE incursion um 'raocass or name dated January 1, 1924,

Serial no; $0,127, filed October '24, um.

Application mreissue filed- December :0, maisfisnau no. mm. s

State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Emulsions and Processes of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to'improvements in 9111111310113 and process of making s ame,.and

is an improvement on ,a process of making continuous emulsion heretofore invented bymejand-set forth in application for Let-' ters Paten United States Serial No. 274,-- 497, filed 1st, 1919, Patent No.

ebrua zyI 1,417,835 patented; ayth, 1922.

In-the process: of making emulsions heretofore invented by met-he emulsionis pref:

erably formedfrom water, colloidal clay and asphalt or otherisuitable 'pitchy or bitumi- I nous material. "In suoheniulsions the water forms ';the'ex$ernal and the asphaltthe in te'majl phases respectively;

The. object of the fipresent invention is to ro'duce a more e ective emulsion, of a her of nonadhesiveness and finer disfersion of the asphaltic particles.

' a relativ consistency issuch as'to produce a 7 agitation procee I vention on the emulsion of the apresent invention, the dispersion of the asph ti particles is so fine that the emulsion when formed will ass through a standard 325-mesh screen aving approximately ninety thousand (90,000) openings per square inch, said openings having an. average size of .044 millimeter. About ninety-ei ht per cent (98%) of the emulsion in t e present inthe basis of weight will readily assthrough a screen of the character reerred .to. I

The emulsion may be formed as follows:

A mixer provided with suitably agitated mechanism, such, for example, as is shown in joint application G; Overbury, Serial No. 343,392, December 8th, 1919, is charged with water and colloidal clay, the roportions being such as to-make y stifi and viscous paste. I The very sluggish circulation of the paste, This asteisraised to a tem rature of sap I and to it is adua ly added'whi e the sasphalt of 160 F. melting-point in'hot liquid condition. The ashalt may be at a temperature of say 320 .as it is fedtothe mixen There is formed of myself and Frederick I FIF-ICE.

- ms, or cnrcaoo, rumors.

phase. 1- I l I To the bulksupply'is-preferably continuaously added a stream of colloidal clay suspensionin water, there being sufficient clay I as to insure the stream having substantial viscosity over and above" water.,' This clay suspension is preferably heated to saythe temperature of 120 F. in order to prevent undue lowering of the temperature in the mixer. At the same time-there i'scontinuously fed a stream of hot liquid asphalt of v the samecharacter' as heretofore referred to and atthc same temperature I The streams of asphalt and clay suspension meetjthe bulk supply near-the center of, the latter, and inasmuch 'asthe "bulky supply itself has a relatively sluggish move.- ment,. the. initial movement of the fresh} stock downwardly into the bulk supply is also relatively sluggish, At the same time the propeller blades are rotated at' a relatively high rate of speed, for example say 900 to 1000 revolutions per minute, so

that its cutting action in a horizontal planeis great. The operation is such that as the fresh stock passes slowly downwardly through the bulk supply by the propellers, it is cut a maximum number of times by the propellerblades. The effect of this rapid or slowly forwardly moving mass, 1S l30' tend? ingly e ngated thread-like particles, which rotation of-the propellers through a sluggish:

ultimately become so ,fine as to break up into very minute dispersed and discrete emulsified particles of asphalt. It will be the propellers in a horizontal direction is understood that as the rate of. rotation of;

increased relative to the rate I of a downward or forward movement of the mass,- the degree of dispersion of the emulsified asphalt particles will be increased. I

Therefore, it is ,possible to not merely make an emulsion which will passa screen of the characterreferred to, but one in which the asphaltic particles are so finely dispersed as to approach colloidal dimensions; Such partic esmay have an average dimension of .O05.' of a millimeter. -Particles of this character, when viewed under a microscope-appear to havev a tendency to rush together and cluster without fusing.

It is to be understoodthat this invention,

binder is not directed to a mere comminutionof:

asphalt, but is descriptive-of the mechanism:.

and the stages through which a true emulsifi ing operation proceeds.

claim as my invention: v

1. A non-adhesive emulsion, consistin of water, collodial clay and-asphalt, the asp altic particles being so finely dispersed that more than 95% *by weight of the emulsionwill pass a screen having openings not larger than -.044'of*a millimeter.

2. A process of making a non-adhesive emulsion, consisting in making a bulk supply of water, au -emulsifying agent and a waterproof binder, continously add a 00110 ial clay suspension of appre-v 1n cia 1e viscosity and apitchy binder in liquid condition to said bulk supply, passing such binderand clay suspension slowly through the bulk supply, and simultaneously causing a rapid rotationof propeller-blades through said binder and clay suspensionptran'sversely of their' path of movement and at a suflicient speed to produce-an emulsion 95% by weight of which will pass a screen having openings. not in excess of'.044 of a millimeter in size.-

3; A process of making a non-adhesive emulsion, consisting in forming an .emuL" sified bulk su ply of water, and emulsifyagent an a waterproof pitchy binder mug all. emulsifying agent' and supinliquid conditionto 'saidb ply, and simultaneously subjecting said consisting in forming an emulsified, bulk supply of water,,an emulsifying a ent and itchy der and emulsifying agent to such agitationas willproduce an emulsion, of which 90% of the particles of binder-will be less than .044 of a millimeter in size. s

4. A processof miking a non-adhesive emulsion, consisting in formin .a-- bulk supply of water, colloidal clayan a waterproof pitchy binder, adding colloidal clay and pitchy binder in liquid condition to sai u bulksupply, and simu than .044 of a millimeter in size.

5. A process of making a non-adhesive emulsion with water as the external phase,

a waterproof pitchy binder, ad ing an emulsifying agent and pitchy binder in liquid conditiontosaid bulk supply, simultaneously subjecting said binder and emulsifying agent w'hile contained in the bulk supply, to such agitation as will produce an emulsion of which 90% of the particles of binder will be' less-than-.04=4 of a millimeter in size, and dischargin emulsion from. the bulk supply at substantially the same rate at which its constituents are added thereto.

LESTER KIRSCHBBAUN.

taneously subjecting said binder and colloidalclay'to. such agrtation as will produce an emulsion, of which. 90% of the particles of binder willhe-less; 

